Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism, in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to gradual destruction and reduced hormone production. It affects the thyroid, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair thinning, constipation, muscle weakness, depression, and goiter. Genetic factors, iodine excess, and female sex (7–10 times higher risk) are major contributors. Prevalence: Affects about 5% of the US population (14 million people); it is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions.